Pennsylvania county well guide

Well Water in Union County, PA: Testing, Contractors and Rules

About 12,348 households in Union County, 69% of the county, rely on a private well. Nobody tests that water unless the owner does.

Labs within 40 milesLicensed contractors
69%of households on a private well
Share on wells, county vs state
Union County69%
Pennsylvania average27%
61licensed contractors serve the county
6 mito the nearest certified lab, PAW Milton Lab
Nostatewide test required when a home is sold

In Union County, roughly 69% of households, about 12,348 homes, draw their water from a private well. Nobody tests it, treats it or inspects it unless the owner does.

Local rules for wells in Union County

There is no state well code in Pennsylvania. Union County townships may have their own well ordinances, and lenders usually require a water test at sale even where the township does not. The cards below show what the state itself requires and recommends.

At a glance

Water test for a new wellNot required statewide

Pennsylvania has no statewide private well construction standards or mandatory testing. DCNR licenses drillers but states that licensure does not require demonstrated knowledge of proper drilling. Some counties and townships (for example Chester County) have local well ordinances.

Water test when a home is soldNot required statewide

No statewide requirement. FHA, VA and USDA loans typically require a water test; some townships require testing at transfer.

What the state recommends

DEP recommends testing every year for total coliform bacteria, nitrate, total dissolved solids and pH, plus additional tests for any suspected contaminant. Penn State Extension recommends a broader panel every 3 years (metals, hardness, chloride, sulfate) and testing after flooding, repairs or a change in taste, odor or color.

Free or low-cost testingAvailable

DEP regional offices sell low-cost bacteria test kits. Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Lab offers mail-in drinking water kits at cost.

Getting your water tested near Union County

The nearest certified lab is PAW Milton Lab in Milton, about 16 miles from the county center. There are 3 more within 40 miles, listed below with what each tests for.

5 certified labs within 40 miles

Licensed well contractors serving Union County

Licensed help in Union County includes Ameridrill, Inc. and Benner Geoservices Inc. and 25 others. Every listing was matched to the Pennsylvania license list; the “verify” link on each profile opens the state lookup.

Well depth and water chemistry

Well depth and water chemistry in Union County follow the rock underneath it. Depth varies across the county; the state well record search shows logs for nearby wells.

Typical well depth

Varies by location. Check the state well record search for logs of nearby wells.

Contaminants to test for
  • Coliform bacteria
  • Nitrate
  • Iron
  • Manganese
  • Hardness
  • Low pH
  • Radon
  • Arsenic (some regions)
  • Methane (gas regions)

Neighboring counties: Snyder County, Northumberland County, Montour County, Lycoming County.

What well work costs in Union County

Basic bacteria and nitrate test$25 to $75lab fee, homeowner sample
Full panel lab test$150 to $400metals, VOCs, radiologicals
Well inspection$250 to $550flow, pressure, visual, water test
Submersible pump replacement$1,200 to $4,500parts and labor
Pressure tank replacement$400 to $1,200installed
Whole-house treatment system$800 to $6,000softener, iron filter, UV, RO
New well drilled$5,500 to $25,000about $25 to $65 per foot
Shock chlorination$80 to $300or about $20 as a DIY job

National ranges from published 2025 to 2026 contractor pricing. Local quotes vary with depth, access and materials.

Questions Union County well owners ask

How many homes in Union County are on a well?

About 12,348, or 69% of households, based on Census housing data and state well surveys. The share is highest outside the towns with public water.

Where is the closest certified lab to Union County?

PAW Milton Lab in Milton, about 16 miles away. Call first to ask whether they accept homeowner samples.

Do I need a permit to drill a well in Union County?

Pennsylvania has no statewide permit, but some townships and counties require one. Ask the township office before work starts.

What does a well test cost near Union County?

A bacteria and nitrate test runs $25 to $75 at most certified labs; a full panel with metals is $150 to $400. Mail-in kits cost about the same as walking in.