Water Well Solutions Illinois LLC
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- Pump Installation
- Pump Repair
- Well Abandonment
- Well Drilling
Illinois county well guide
Well Water in Brown County, IL: Testing, Contractors and Rules
About 1,116 households in Brown County, 41% of the county, rely on a private well. Nobody tests that water unless the owner does.
of households on a private well
Share on wells, county vs state
1licensed contractors serve the county
40+ mito a certified lab; mail-in kits recommended
Nostatewide test required when a home is sold
Most homes in Brown County are on a private well: about 1,116 households, 41% of the county. That makes Brown County one of the places in Illinois where the water department is the homeowner.
Local rules for wells in Brown County
Private wells in Brown County follow Illinois's statewide rules, administered by Illinois Department of Public Health, Private Water Program. A water test is required when a new well is completed. There is no statewide test requirement when a home is sold, though lenders often ask for one. The cards below show the details and the official sources.
At a glance
Water test for a new wellRequired
A permit from the county health department (or IDPH where the county has no delegated program) is required before a private well is drilled, the well must be built by an IDPH licensed water well contractor to the Illinois Water Well Construction Code (steel or approved plastic casing, grout, the setbacks from septic systems and other sources, a sanitary well cap above grade), and the contractor files a well construction report with IDPH. Under the code the new well is disinfected and a bacteria sample is collected, in most counties by the health department at the final inspection, before the well is approved for use; the health department's sign-off is what the building department wants before occupancy.
Water test when a home is soldNot required statewide
No statewide requirement. The Illinois Residential Real Property Disclosure Report asks the seller about the water supply and any known defects, and FHA, VA and USDA loans require a bacteria, nitrate and lead sample from a certified lab before closing. A few counties run point-of-sale well and septic inspection programs under local ordinance, so ask the county health department.
What the state recommends
IDPH recommends testing a private well every year for coliform bacteria and nitrate, after any repair or flooding, and whenever the taste, color or smell changes; a chemistry panel (arsenic, iron, manganese, hardness, chloride, sulfate) when the well is new or every few years; and, depending on the aquifer, radium and barium for deep sandstone wells in northern Illinois, arsenic for wells in the Mahomet and other glacial aquifers of central Illinois, and pesticides and nitrate for shallow wells in farm country. County health department labs run the bacteria test cheaply, and the IDPH state lab tests samples submitted through the county.
Free or low-cost testingAvailable
No statewide free program. Most county health departments sell a bacteria (and often nitrate) sample kit for a small fee and explain the result, and the IDPH Division of Laboratories runs the bacteria test for counties without their own lab. The Illinois State Water Survey and university extension programs run periodic free nitrate and arsenic screening clinics in farm counties.
Getting your water tested near Brown County
No state-certified lab sits within 40 miles of the center of Brown County. That is common in rural Illinois, and the practical answer is a mail-in kit: the lab ships bottles, you sample at the kitchen tap and ship them back cold. The finder below widens the search to the whole state.
No listings yet for this area. Try widening your search.
Licensed well contractors serving Brown County
1 licensed contractor serve Brown County, including Water Well Solutions Illinois LLC. Each profile carries the state license number and the date we checked it, and the filters below sort them by drilling, pump work or treatment.
1 licensed contractors
Well depth and water chemistry
Wells in Brown County typically reach 30 to 250 ft, varying with the geology more than in most states: shallow sand and gravel wells of 30 to 120 ft in the river valleys and central Illinois (Sangamon and Madison county medians are under 60 ft), 90 to 250 ft in the glacial drift of the Chicago collar counties (McHenry 70 to 200 ft, Lake 90 to 230 ft), and 200 to 660 ft for the dolomite and sandstone bedrock wells of Kane, Cook, Will, Jo Daviess and the northern tier; southern Illinois bedrock wells are 150 to 350 ft and low-yielding. What comes up with the water depends on the aquifer, and across Illinois the usual suspects are arsenic (naturally occurring in the glacial sand and gravel aquifers of central and northeastern illinois, including the mahomet aquifer, where roughly one well in ten is over the standard), iron and manganese (nearly universal in glacial aquifers). A first full panel tells you which of them apply to your well.
Typical well depth
Varies by location. Check the state well record search for logs of nearby wells.
Contaminants to test for
- Arsenic (naturally occurring in the glacial sand and gravel aquifers of central and northeastern Illinois
- Including the Mahomet aquifer
- Where roughly one well in ten is over the standard)
- Iron and manganese (nearly universal in glacial aquifers)
- Hardness (very hard water statewide)
- Radium and barium (the deep Cambrian-Ordovician sandstone aquifer of northern Illinois)
- Coliform bacteria (old large-diameter bored and dug wells
- Common in southern Illinois)
- Nitrate and atrazine (shallow wells in corn and soybean country)
- Chloride and sodium (road salt in the Chicago collar counties
- And natural brine in deep wells)
- Hydrogen sulfide and methane (deep wells in the south and the coal counties)
- Fluoride (locally high in deep aquifers)
Neighboring counties: Schuyler County, Cass County, Pike County, Scott County.
What well work costs in Brown County
Basic bacteria and nitrate test$25 to $75lab fee, homeowner sample
Full panel lab test$150 to $400metals, VOCs, radiologicals
Well inspection$250 to $550flow, pressure, visual, water test
Submersible pump replacement$1,200 to $4,500parts and labor
Pressure tank replacement$400 to $1,200installed
Whole-house treatment system$800 to $6,000softener, iron filter, UV, RO
New well drilled$5,500 to $25,000about $25 to $65 per foot
Shock chlorination$80 to $300or about $20 as a DIY job
National ranges from published 2025 to 2026 contractor pricing. Local quotes vary with depth, access and materials.
Questions Brown County well owners ask
How many homes in Brown County are on a well?
About 1,116, or 41% of households, based on Census housing data and state well surveys. The share is highest outside the towns with public water.
Where is the closest certified lab to Brown County?
There is no certified lab within 40 miles. Use a mail-in kit from a Illinois certified lab, or the county health department if it collects samples.
Do I need a permit to drill a well in Brown County?
A permit from the county health department (or IDPH where the county has no delegated program) is required before a private well is drilled, the well must be built by an IDPH licensed water well contractor to the Illinois Water Well Construction Code (steel or approved plastic casing, grout, the setbacks from septic systems and other sources, a sanitary well cap above grade), and the contractor files a well construction report with IDPH. Under the code the new well is disinfected and a bacteria sample is collected, in most counties by the health department at the final inspection, before the well is approved for use; the health department's sign-off is what the building department wants before occupancy.
What does a well test cost near Brown County?
A bacteria and nitrate test runs $25 to $75 at most certified labs; a full panel with metals is $150 to $400. Mail-in kits cost about the same as walking in.