Well Water in Edwards County, IL: Testing, Contractors and Rules
About 167 households in Edwards County, 6% of the county, rely on a private well. Nobody tests that water unless the owner does.
Roughly 6% of Edwards County households, about 167, get their water from a private well rather than a utility. They are concentrated in the rural parts of the county, and they are on their own for testing.
Local rules for wells in Edwards County
Private wells in Edwards County follow Illinois's statewide rules, administered by Illinois Department of Public Health, Private Water Program. A water test is required when a new well is completed. There is no statewide test requirement when a home is sold, though lenders often ask for one. The cards below show the details and the official sources.
At a glance
A permit from the county health department (or IDPH where the county has no delegated program) is required before a private well is drilled, the well must be built by an IDPH licensed water well contractor to the Illinois Water Well Construction Code (steel or approved plastic casing, grout, the setbacks from septic systems and other sources, a sanitary well cap above grade), and the contractor files a well construction report with IDPH. Under the code the new well is disinfected and a bacteria sample is collected, in most counties by the health department at the final inspection, before the well is approved for use; the health department's sign-off is what the building department wants before occupancy.
No statewide requirement. The Illinois Residential Real Property Disclosure Report asks the seller about the water supply and any known defects, and FHA, VA and USDA loans require a bacteria, nitrate and lead sample from a certified lab before closing. A few counties run point-of-sale well and septic inspection programs under local ordinance, so ask the county health department.
IDPH recommends testing a private well every year for coliform bacteria and nitrate, after any repair or flooding, and whenever the taste, color or smell changes; a chemistry panel (arsenic, iron, manganese, hardness, chloride, sulfate) when the well is new or every few years; and, depending on the aquifer, radium and barium for deep sandstone wells in northern Illinois, arsenic for wells in the Mahomet and other glacial aquifers of central Illinois, and pesticides and nitrate for shallow wells in farm country. County health department labs run the bacteria test cheaply, and the IDPH state lab tests samples submitted through the county.
No statewide free program. Most county health departments sell a bacteria (and often nitrate) sample kit for a small fee and explain the result, and the IDPH Division of Laboratories runs the bacteria test for counties without their own lab. The Illinois State Water Survey and university extension programs run periodic free nitrate and arsenic screening clinics in farm counties.
Getting your water tested near Edwards County
1 certified lab within 40 miles serves Edwards County, starting with Vanderburgh County Health Department in Evansville (about 40 miles from the county center). Each card below shows whether the lab takes homeowner samples and which tests it is certified for.
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Licensed well contractors serving Edwards County
No licensed contractor lists Edwards County as a home base or service area yet. The finder below searches the whole state; most drillers travel several counties for a job.
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Well depth and water chemistry
Wells in Edwards County typically reach 30 to 250 ft, varying with the geology more than in most states: shallow sand and gravel wells of 30 to 120 ft in the river valleys and central Illinois (Sangamon and Madison county medians are under 60 ft), 90 to 250 ft in the glacial drift of the Chicago collar counties (McHenry 70 to 200 ft, Lake 90 to 230 ft), and 200 to 660 ft for the dolomite and sandstone bedrock wells of Kane, Cook, Will, Jo Daviess and the northern tier; southern Illinois bedrock wells are 150 to 350 ft and low-yielding. What comes up with the water depends on the aquifer, and across Illinois the usual suspects are arsenic (naturally occurring in the glacial sand and gravel aquifers of central and northeastern illinois, including the mahomet aquifer, where roughly one well in ten is over the standard), iron and manganese (nearly universal in glacial aquifers). A first full panel tells you which of them apply to your well.
Varies by location. Check the state well record search for logs of nearby wells.
- Arsenic (naturally occurring in the glacial sand and gravel aquifers of central and northeastern Illinois
- Including the Mahomet aquifer
- Where roughly one well in ten is over the standard)
- Iron and manganese (nearly universal in glacial aquifers)
- Hardness (very hard water statewide)
- Radium and barium (the deep Cambrian-Ordovician sandstone aquifer of northern Illinois)
- Coliform bacteria (old large-diameter bored and dug wells
- Common in southern Illinois)
- Nitrate and atrazine (shallow wells in corn and soybean country)
- Chloride and sodium (road salt in the Chicago collar counties
- And natural brine in deep wells)
- Hydrogen sulfide and methane (deep wells in the south and the coal counties)
- Fluoride (locally high in deep aquifers)
Neighboring counties: Wabash County, Wayne County, Richland County, White County.
What well work costs in Edwards County
National ranges from published 2025 to 2026 contractor pricing. Local quotes vary with depth, access and materials.
Questions Edwards County well owners ask
How many homes in Edwards County are on a well?
About 167, or 6% of households, based on Census housing data and state well surveys. The share is highest outside the towns with public water.
Where is the closest certified lab to Edwards County?
Vanderburgh County Health Department in Evansville, about 40 miles away. It accepts homeowner samples.
Do I need a permit to drill a well in Edwards County?
A permit from the county health department (or IDPH where the county has no delegated program) is required before a private well is drilled, the well must be built by an IDPH licensed water well contractor to the Illinois Water Well Construction Code (steel or approved plastic casing, grout, the setbacks from septic systems and other sources, a sanitary well cap above grade), and the contractor files a well construction report with IDPH. Under the code the new well is disinfected and a bacteria sample is collected, in most counties by the health department at the final inspection, before the well is approved for use; the health department's sign-off is what the building department wants before occupancy.
What does a well test cost near Edwards County?
A bacteria and nitrate test runs $25 to $75 at most certified labs; a full panel with metals is $150 to $400. Mail-in kits cost about the same as walking in.