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- Coliform Bacteria
Missouri county well guide
Well Water in Randolph County, MO: Testing, Contractors and Rules
About 82 households in Randolph County, 1% of the county, rely on a private well. Nobody tests that water unless the owner does.
of households on a private well
Share on wells, county vs state
2licensed contractors serve the county
32 mito the nearest certified lab, Engineering Surveys & Services
Nostatewide test required when a home is sold
Most of Randolph County is on public water, but an estimated 82 households still rely on a private well. This page covers the rules, labs and licensed contractors that serve them.
Local rules for wells in Randolph County
Private wells in Randolph County follow Missouri's statewide rules, administered by Missouri Geological Survey, Well Installation Section, in the Department of Natural Resources. A water test is required when a new well is completed. There is no statewide test requirement when a home is sold, though lenders often ask for one. The cards below show the details and the official sources.
At a glance
Water test for a new wellRequired
No permit for the owner, but the well must be built by a Missouri permitted well installation contractor to the 10 CSR 23-3 standards for its drilling area (Missouri has 13 drilling areas with different minimum casing depths, grouted casing, 50 ft from a septic tank and 100 ft from a lagoon or drainfield), and the contractor must disinfect the well, take a water sample for bacteria after construction and file a well certification report with the Missouri Geological Survey within 60 days. The State Public Health Laboratory's New Well Series (pH, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, iron, manganese and lead) is the usual chemistry check on a new well.
Water test when a home is soldNot required statewide
No statewide requirement. The Missouri seller's disclosure asks only whether the water supply is a private well and whether the seller knows of problems. FHA, VA and USDA loans normally require a bacteria, nitrate and lead sample from a certified lab before closing.
What the state recommends
The Department of Health and Senior Services recommends testing a private well every year for coliform bacteria, and every few years for nitrate, pH, hardness, iron, manganese, lead and copper (the State Public Health Laboratory's minerals, nutrients and metals panel covers all of these plus arsenic and uranium). Add radon and radium in the Ozarks, lead and cadmium in the Old Lead Belt and Viburnum Trend mining districts, sulfate and chloride in deep northern wells, pesticides in shallow Bootheel wells, and test again after flooding, well work or a change in taste, color or smell. Karst wells and springs in the Ozarks should be retested after heavy rain.
Free or low-cost testingAvailable
No free program, but the cheapest state lab in the country: the State Public Health Laboratory tests a private well or cistern sample for total coliform and E. coli for a $10 handling fee. Pick up the kit from your local public health agency or district health office, collect the sample and hand it back for the lab's free statewide overnight courier. Chemistry panels cost more and are ordered through the same agency or the Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology (573-751-6102).
Getting your water tested near Randolph County
1 certified lab within 40 miles serves Randolph County, starting with Engineering Surveys & Services in Columbia (about 32 miles from the county center). Each card below shows whether the lab takes homeowner samples and which tests it is certified for.
1 certified labs within 40 miles
Licensed well contractors serving Randolph County
2 licensed contractors serve Randolph County, including Randolph County SWCD and Sullinger & Son Pump Service. Each profile carries the state license number and the date we checked it, and the filters below sort them by drilling, pump work or treatment.
2 licensed contractors
Randolph County SWCD
Verified license
License 006428 Active
- Pump Installation
- Pump Repair
- Well Abandonment
- Well Drilling
- Well Repair
Sullinger & Son Pump Service
Verified license
License 003195 Active
- Pump Installation
- Pump Repair
- Well Abandonment
- Well Drilling
- Well Repair
Well depth and water chemistry
Wells in Randolph County typically reach 400 to 610 feet; the median of 86 domestic wells certified to the Missouri Geological Survey since 2000 is 460 feet. What comes up with the water depends on the aquifer, and across Missouri the usual suspects are coliform bacteria (the most common failure statewide, worst in ozark karst wells and springs after rain), nitrate (shallow wells in farm country, the bootheel and northern missouri). A first full panel tells you which of them apply to your well.
Typical well depth
400 to 610 feet; the median of 86 domestic wells certified to the Missouri Geological Survey since 2000 is 460 feet
Contaminants to test for
- Coliform bacteria (the most common failure statewide
- Worst in Ozark karst wells and springs after rain)
- Nitrate (shallow wells in farm country
- The Bootheel and northern Missouri)
- Hardness (dolomite across the Ozarks)
- Iron and manganese (glacial till
- Alluvium and Bootheel sands)
- Radon and radium (locally in the Ozark aquifer)
- Lead
- Cadmium and zinc (Old Lead Belt
- Viburnum Trend and Tri-State mining districts)
- Sulfate
- Chloride and sodium (deep bedrock wells in northern and western Missouri)
- Arsenic (locally)
- Pesticides (shallow Bootheel and river-bottom wells)
- PFAS near airfields and industrial sites
Neighboring counties: Howard County, Chariton County, Monroe County, Macon County.
What well work costs in Randolph County
Basic bacteria and nitrate test$25 to $75lab fee, homeowner sample
Full panel lab test$150 to $400metals, VOCs, radiologicals
Well inspection$250 to $550flow, pressure, visual, water test
Submersible pump replacement$1,200 to $4,500parts and labor
Pressure tank replacement$400 to $1,200installed
Whole-house treatment system$800 to $6,000softener, iron filter, UV, RO
New well drilled$5,500 to $25,000about $25 to $65 per foot
Shock chlorination$80 to $300or about $20 as a DIY job
National ranges from published 2025 to 2026 contractor pricing. Local quotes vary with depth, access and materials.
Questions Randolph County well owners ask
How many homes in Randolph County are on a well?
About 82, or 1% of households, based on Census housing data and state well surveys. The share is highest outside the towns with public water.
Where is the closest certified lab to Randolph County?
Engineering Surveys & Services in Columbia, about 32 miles away. Call first to ask whether they accept homeowner samples.
Do I need a permit to drill a well in Randolph County?
No permit for the owner, but the well must be built by a Missouri permitted well installation contractor to the 10 CSR 23-3 standards for its drilling area (Missouri has 13 drilling areas with different minimum casing depths, grouted casing, 50 ft from a septic tank and 100 ft from a lagoon or drainfield), and the contractor must disinfect the well, take a water sample for bacteria after construction and file a well certification report with the Missouri Geological Survey within 60 days. The State Public Health Laboratory's New Well Series (pH, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, iron, manganese and lead) is the usual chemistry check on a new well.
What does a well test cost near Randolph County?
A bacteria and nitrate test runs $25 to $75 at most certified labs; a full panel with metals is $150 to $400. Mail-in kits cost about the same as walking in.